Ardet Roma Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Nero, Claudius

Ardet Roma Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Nero, Claudius Ardet Roma. 2.3 Internal. 12LSO The Great fire of Rome was a devastating fire that began on the night, between the 18th and 19th of July in 64 AD. The fire lasted for 6 days and died down but reignited again for 3 days. This event is significant to the classical world, as 3 districts were entirely destroyed, 7 suffered serious damage and only 4 districts survived, only after 10 years since Nero became Emperor of Rome. At least two thirds of the city was ruined. Following the fire, a rebuilding programme was led by Nero, such as the building of the Domus Aurea. This was completed but did not get much attention from the Romans. This allows us to have a better understanding of Roman life and the society. It is still unknown today, of what truly caused the fire and who caused it. Many various ideas from classical and modern historians are suggested. However, many questions about this event vary and do not have a certain answer. Nero was the great grandson of Caesar Augustus. When he was a child, he and his mother, Agrippina, were exiled by Emperor Gaius Caligula, to the Pontian Islands. However, Agrippinas uncle, Claudius, became emperor on January 24th, 41 AD. Then Nero and his mother, Agrippina's banishment was lifted. Agrippina then convinced Claudius to marry her and make Nero his next successor. In 54 A.D., Claudius was murdered; he was reported that he was murdered by Agrippina, who secretly gave him poisonous mushrooms. As a result, Nero became the next emperor of Rome at a young of age 16 years. However, in 59 AD, Agrippina was murdered. How she died is not clear. However, Tacitus claimed that Nero had murdered her by sending 3 men to assassinate her. Suetonius claimed that Nero had her executed after she survived the shipwreck and disguised her death as "suicide". However, Cassius Dio said that Agrippina had swum to shore after the bottom of the ship opened up. Nero sent an assassin to her and when the assassin was about to strike at her, she uttered last words "smite my womb!" Agrippina wanted to be stabbed in the womb, where she gave birth to Nero. At her funeral, Nero was claimed to be feeling "scared and witted". Over here many Roman senators and various people congratulated Nero, saying that he has been freed from his mother's plots of killing him. Nero is notoriously known for his strange acts. Rumors said that he used to roam the streets after dark, visit taverns, mugging people, attacking women and stealing from stalls and shops. Nero was accused for abusing married women and freeborn boys. Nero, when he first became Emperor, turned his attention to focus on diplomacy, trade and elevating the cultural life of the empire. Nero ordered theaters to be built and encouraged athletic games. During Neros reign, the formidable general Corbulo directed a successful war and negotiated peace with the Parthian Empire. His general Suetonius Paulinus crushed a revolution in Britain . Nero took possession of the Bosporan Kingdom to the Empire and began the First RomanJewish War. On 19TH July, 64 AD, a huge fire was lit in Rome. There are many various views from both historical and modern historians towards the cause of the Great Fire of Rome. Some believe that it was arson, ordered by Nero to clear room for his palace, as he took much of the burnt city to build a Domus Aurea (Golden palace) for himself. Tacitus, an ancient Roman historian, claims in the Tacitus Annals that Nero purposely set the city alight, to clear space for his Domus Aurea. Tacitus believed Nero blamed and persecuted the Christians for the beginning of the fire, in order to avoid of his arson being revealed. In Tacitus book, Annals, Tacitus stated "Therefore, to stop the rumor [that he had set Rome on fire], he [Emperor Nero] falsely charged with guilt, and punished with the most fearful tortures, the persons commonly called Christians, who were [generally] hated for their enormities In the Tacitus Annals, as a punishment, Tacitus states that the Christians were covered with the skins of beasts...torn by dogs and perished, or were nailed to crosses,

Reporting Verbs for English Language Learners

Reporting Verbs for English Language Learners Reporting verbs are verbs that serve to report what someone else has said. Reporting verbs are different than the reported speech in that they are used to paraphrase what someone has said. Reported speech is used when reporting exactly what someone has said. To do this, use  say and tell. John told me he was going to stay late at work.Jennifer told Peter she had lived in Berlin for ten years. Peter said he wanted to visit his parents that weekend.My friend said he would finish his work soon. Other verbs used with reported speech include mention and comment. Here are some examples: Tom mentioned he enjoyed playing tennis.Alice mentioned she could take care of the kids this weekend. The teacher commented the students werent getting their homework done on time.The man commented he felt tired after such a long journey. When using reported speech, change the verb used by the original speaker to match your usage. In other words, if you report using said, you need to move everything back one step into the past. There are also pronoun changes and time cue changes that need to be made as appropriate in reported speech.   I like playing tennis. - Tom mentioned he liked playing tennis.  I have lived in Berlin for ten years. - Jennifer told Peter she had lived in Berlin for ten years.   Say and tell are the most common reporting verbs used to report what others have said. However, there are a number of other reporting verbs which can more accurately describe what someone has said. These verbs take a variety of structures that differ from reported speech. For example: Original Statement I will come to your party. I promise. Reported Speech He said he would come to my party. Reporting Verb He promised to come to my party. In this example, reported speech changes the original verb to would as well as changing the possessive pronoun your to my. In contrast, the reporting verb promise is simply followed by the infinitive. There are a number of formulas used with reporting verbs. Use the chart below to identify the structure required.   The following list gives you reporting verbs in various categories based on sentence structure. Note that a number of verbs can take more than one form. verb object infinitive verb infinitive verb (that) verb gerund verb object preposition gerund verb preposition gerund adviseencourageinviteremindwarn agreedecideofferpromiserefusethreaten admitagreedecidedenyexplaininsistpromiserecommendsuggest denyrecommendsuggest accuseblamecongratulate apologizeinsist Examples:Jack encouraged me to look for a new job.They invited all their friends to attend the presentation.Bob warned his friend not to open the can of worms.I advised the students to study carefully for the test. Examples:She offered to give him a lift to work.My brother refused to take no for an answer.Mary decided to attend university.He threatened to sue the company. Examples:Tom admitted (that) he had tried to leave early.She agreed (that) we needed to reconsider our plans.The teacher insisted that he didnt give enough homework.Our manager suggested we take some time off work. Examples:He denied having anything to do with her.Ken suggested studying early in the morning.Alice recommends playing golf in Bend, Oregon. Examples:They accused the boys of cheating on the exam.She blamed her husband for missing the train.The mother congratulated her daughter on graduating from college. Examples:He apologized for being late.She insisted on doing the washing up.Peter apologized for interrupting the meeting. For more information on reported speech, this overview of  reported speech  provides a guide on which transformations are required to use the form. Practice using this form with the  reported speech worksheet   that provides a quick review and exercise. Theres also a  reported speech quiz  which provides immediate feedback on correct or incorrect answers. Teachers can use this guide on  how to teach reported speech  for help introducing the reported speech, as well as a  reported speech lesson plan  and other resources.