How Latin America Gained Independence from Spain

FL Learners

The Uses, Functions, and Shortcomings of University Writing Centers The Disservice or No Proofreading Policies for ES/FL Learners Distinguishing the Problem Area Importance of successful composing abilities is colossal with respect to the current scholastic and expert guidelines. During the companion mentoring meetings, understudies are regularly tested by the professors’ guidelines and, along these lines, they need extra help to adapt to composing assignments.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Uses, Functions, and Shortcomings of University Writing Centers: The Disservice or No Proofreading Policies for ES/FL Learners explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is of specific worry to ESL understudies who frequently face an issue of editing on account of absence of qualified editing administrations nearby. In any case, the fact of the matter is that a large portion of understudies are not completely mindful of the need to check their papers for sentence structure and spelling before submitting them to their teachers. Is all the more disappointing that the present composing habitats for second language students neglect to offer adequate types of assistance for them, with the exception of the costly ones. Based on the above-introduced presumptions, two significant issues go to the forward: What are the principle purposes behind students’ ignorance of the need to edit their papers before entries? What does the University neglect to give great editing administrations to ESL understudies? In view of this, it is important to investigate the primary driver and starting points of the issue, just as characterize who these earnest issues can be tended to through an activity inquire about arrangement. Centrality of the Problem The issue of insult composing strategies, just as students’ hesitance to address proficient help has as of late become substantially more genuine. Numerous ESL students neglect to meet with their managers just on the grounds that they can't convey successfully, just as comprehend what really a teacher need them to do. Thusly, understudies contemplating the English language as their subsequent one regularly go to the composing place for composing help, however to improve their communicational aptitudes (Pistone, 2010). In any case, absence of adequate relational abilities may turn into a significant issue since it additionally impacts the recurrence of students’ participation to the editing places. Beside the correspondence troubles, ESL understudies can confront noteworthy composing issues that need particular mediation. The fact of the matter is that composing aptitudes can't be thought little of on the grounds that they exhibit students’ learning capacities (Tan, n. d.). Thusly, understudies having poor composing level have more noteworthy changes to bomb their scholastic tests. The difficult zone is of particularly importance since it gives critical obstructions to the ESL understudies and contributes contrarily to the issue of global learning. The issue is likewise firmly co nnected with social decent variety issues which are regularly overlooked by educators. Accordingly, understudies examining the subsequent language don't consider editing administration as a practical answer for the issue since autonomous learning is profoundly refreshing in some countries.Advertising Looking for exposition on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rationale for the Research Regarding the issue of second language learning and the results of insult composing focuses, it is basic to give a more profound examination of explanations behind students’ hesitance and ignorance of going to composing focuses, just as underpinnings for reconsidering the current capacities and utilization of editing administrations. Looking the issue through the crystal of inventive ways to deal with editing, just as existing composing places guaranteeing powerful help and help to understudies, the exploration activity plan ou ght to be acquainted with take the relating measures to improve the present circumstance. Hypothetical Implications for the Action Research Lack of exceptionally qualified editing administrations, just as students’ hesitance to address such administrations, gives a strong ground to inquiring about the norms and fundamental procedures applied by driving composing places. It will assist with characterizing how ESL understudies can improve their composing abilities. There is likewise a need to investigate the purposes behind students’ numbness of the significance of tending to coaches at the composing places to contrast the discoveries and the outcomes acquired from survey. At last, it is likewise intentional to concentrate on the current methodologies and ways to deal with helping remote students in propelling their composing abilities. As per the examinations performed by Tan (n. d.), not many colleges in Asian nations can give adequate composing administrations to ESL understudies. What is progressively tricky is that these administrations are frequently given under the help of more extensive administrations, for example, learning or self-get to focuses. Accordingly, absence of composing and bolster focuses doesn't add to perceiving the way that numerous understudies have difficult issues with the composed assignments. Regardless of the distinguished deficiency, a few colleges despite everything figure out how to present advancement in the circle of editing. For example, the Baptist College in Hong Kong has made the Writing Enhancement Service since educator turned out to be progressively mindful of their understudies having issues with composing (Tan, n. d.). In this regard, they built up a compelling framework tending to different parts of composing, just as helping understudies in investigating disadvantages in their composition. In the examinations gave by Gupta Woldemarian (n. d.), it is additionally conceivable to follow the interdependency of composing aptitudes and level of inspiration to improve them. Since understudies are frequently activated by the need to fulfill the scholarly composing guidelines, such perspectives as demeanor and inspiration are constantly under the inquiry. In this regard, these elements empower to separate since understudies with low and high achievement.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Uses, Functions, and Shortcomings of University Writing Centers: The Disservice or No Proofreading Policies for ES/FL Learners explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because inspiration and demeanor are enthusiastic composites of passionate comprehension, they distinguish students’ hesitance or goal either to join in or to skip editing administrations. Like Gupta Woldemarian (n. d.), Ma (2011) alludes to the job of discernment and demeanor in accomplishing high scholastic outcomes. In particular, the researcher brings up that occasionally, understudies and teach ers’ view of scholarly destinations vary fundamentally, which prompts misinterpretation and predisposition. Subsequently, understudies are frequently debilitated to introduce appropriately composed assignments and comprehend the real reason for propelling their composing aptitudes. Since understudies don't completely understand the significance of the composing abilities, it is intelligent that they don't understand the significance of going to composing focuses. The reliance between teachers’ systems and learners’ consideration has likewise been concentrated by Torki (n. d.) who has figured out how to investigate similarity between these two angles. Exploring those perspectives inside a setting of jargon class, the exploration depends on the two factors, â€Å"frequency and request of event of lexical things in study hall discourse† (Torki, n. d. p. 336). The discoveries have uncovered that a portion of the teachers’ presumptions concerning the le arning procedures have been bogus, including recurrence of event. In general, the given hypothetical ramifications makes an adequate ground for leading a review that tries to characterize the real reasons and level of understudies going to composing focuses and the ones thinking of it as a minor exercise in futility. Also, the given activity research ought to characterize the new procedures for existing composing habitats and editing administrations. Technique Data Collection In request to respond to the exploration questions and take care of the examination issues, a study was led among 100 understudies nearby. The review addresses plan to characterize students’ disposition to composing administrations, just as their attention to the significance of going to editing administrations before accommodation. The example populace was picked out of 3000 understudies. The members made out of various nationalities, religions, and convictions. Sex trademark have not been considered on the grounds that it gives no significance to responding to the examination question. While gathering information about the members, I experienced a few difficulties. To start with, a few understudies dismissed to take an interest since they didn't really comprehend the motivation behind research, however the extension was adequately clarified. Second, the members experienced issues while responding to explicit inquiries that identified with their own perspectives and convictions. The information assortment was made out of two phases. The first included messaging all understudies nearby about the review and the subsequent one was simply the overview. The greeting letter contained a concise quality of the examination issue and a point by point investigation of an activity look into venture. Out of 3000, around 230 responded precisely. Be that as it may, the study was finished by 100 members on the grounds that not all understudies had the option to answer the questions.Advertising Searching for article on instruction? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The poll arranged for the study was made concerning such subjects as recurrence of going to composing focuses, purposes behind utilizing administrations, students’ disposition of significance of utilizing editing administrations, mindfulness and view of teachers’ commitments and down to earth application

How to Make Friends When You Have Social Anxiety

How to Make Friends When You Have Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print How to Make Friends When You Have Social Anxiety By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on October 21, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Morsa Images/DigitalVision/Getty Images If you suffer from social anxiety disorder ?(SAD) or are simply shy, it may seem easier to avoid making friends and spend time alone instead. However, research shows that people with close friends live longer and are generally healthier.?? In addition, those with close friends are better able to cope with the death of a spouse or other major life change. For those with SAD, you may want to make friends but do not know how.?? Below are step-by-step instructions to help you increase your social circle and hopefully make a few good friends along the way. How to Make New Friends Below are suggestions on how to make and keep new friends.?? Before you try to make new friends, it is important to spend some time working on yourself. The more well-rounded a person you are, the easier it will be to talk with others.Brush up on current events, take up a new hobby; anything that you can do to become more comfortable with who you are will make it easier to make friends. Find out what you are passionate about in order to find like-minded people.The second step in making friends is finding potential friends. When looking for potential friends, the best places to start are also the easiestâ€"your interests.?? Do you work with others? Do you know someone who has a large circle of friends? Could you join a group or organization to increase the number of people that you are in contact with?It is important not to be too picky in the beginning. Anyone could be a potential friend; first impressions are not necessarily the best indicators of who could become a long-term friend. Consider asking a coworker to lunch, joining a book club at the library or volunteering at a local non-profit to meet new people and potential friends.Make sure to get contact information for the people that you meet. Whether its their cell phone number or a link to their social media pages, find a way to reach out to them.The most critical step in making friends is both accepting invitations and making plans with others. Do your best not to turn down any invitations. If you turn people down often enough they will stop asking you to do things.Be patient as your friendship grows. Research shows it can take 50 or more hours before an acquaintance becomes a true friend.??By the same token, you shouldnt always expect the other person to make plans. Though making plans can be a challenging task for those with SAD, it is important to show others that you are interested in them and want to get together.Once you have begun to form friendships, it is important to stay in touch.?? Over time you will come to learn how often certain people stay in touc h. Be sure to do your part to contact your new friends and make plans. With the ease of online communication, its much more convenient to keep in touch with those that you meet. Tips Dont expect instant results. Building friendships takes time and mutual effort.?? Make creating new friendships a priority, but realize that the race to the finish line is a marathon, not a sprint.Once you have made new friends, be careful not to take them for granted. Always make your friendships a priority even when it may not be convenient for you.Good friends dont criticize, gossip, or judge each other.Never compromise your beliefs, values, or morals because of a friendship. A Word  From Verywell Making friends takes time, but if you feel that you cannot meet new people or that idea of trying to meet new people is too frightening or overwhelming, it may be a good idea to consult a therapist. ??Working on treating SAD can help you relax and enjoy being around other people more. Once your social anxiety is under control, you should find it easier to approach new people and start developing friendships.

The Intersection Of Social Movements And Art - 2066 Words

The intersection of social movements and Art is one that can be observed throughout the civil right movements of America in the 1960’s and early 1970’s. The sixties in America saw a substantial cultural and social change through activism against the Vietnam war, women’s right and against the segregation of the African - American communities. Art became a prominent method of activism to advocate the civil rights movement. It was a way to express self-identity as well as the struggle that people went through and by means of visual imagery a way to show political ideals and forms of resistance. To examine how a specific movement can have a profound effects on the visual art, this essay will focus on the black art movement of the 1960s and†¦show more content†¦Secondly, observing the work of Emma Amos who was the only women within the spiral group. Romare Bearden, started his artistic career being an abstractionist, however the civil right movement had an im pact on his art which lead him to the creation of the group called spiral. With the help of other black artists, Bearden sought to reflect how they could portray their connection to the civil right movement through their arts as a racial group minority. Ralph Ellison (1977), mentions the anachronism of the American social experience of minority artists which could then be used to understand the motivation behind the art of Bearden. This anachronism refers to; â€Å"The imbalance in American society which leads to a distorted perception of social reality, to a stubborn blindness to the creative possibilities of cultural diversity, to the prevalence of negative myth, racial stereotypes and dangerous illusion about art, humanities and society.† (Ellison: 1977 : pp.673) It is then argued that many artists are often majorly influenced by the power of this anachronism, as their culture as well as the freedom of representing their self identity through aesthetic technique of self ex pression that are already existing. This, then restrict their attempt to seek change of the complex social situation they experience. Meanwhile, it is said that Bearden attempt not to follow the anachronism in is art by transforming it into a component of art as a mean of personal vision (Ellison:

Essay The Tragic Fall Of Oedipus in Oedipus the King

Tragic Fall Of Oedipus Rex in Sophocles Oedipus Rex The tragic fall of Oedipus in Sophocles play â€Å"Oedipus Rex† is both self-inflicted and result of events drawn from his own destiny. First off early on in Oedipus’ life his first deadly mistake towards succeeding his self-inflicted downfall was the murder of his father the former king. In a blind rage without any motive, he kills Liaus and his men at a rode crossing. Fate may have had led him to that point but it was his own rage that resulted in his biggest mistake. Further evidence of his self-inflicted downfall Oedipus’ was at the hands of his own ignorance. This ignorance combined with his stubborn, determined attitude does not allow him foresight. This foresight would have led†¦show more content†¦Creon then tries to warn Oedipus about his condemning, â€Å"To slur a good man’s name/With baseless slander is one crime-another/Is rashly to mistake bad men for good./Cast out an honest friend, and you cast out/Your life, your dearest treasure .† [pg42]. As Creon tries to convince him to go about things in a more timely, and sensible way Oedipus hears none of it and still pursues his march of getting to the bottom laying the blame elsewhere all along the way. As Creon and Teriesas both note suggestions to Oedipus’ involvement he still pursues further investigation without the littlest consideration at his own guilt. This lack of foresight, and understanding again is another cause to Oedipus’ self-inflicted downfall. However, there are many factors that contribute his downfall that he could not have prevented and were truly acts of fate and destiny. His self-assurance to his wisdom that was bred by his â€Å"mother-wit and not by bird-lore† (as he takes a stab at Teriesas pg 37) really comes to surface during his encounter with a riddling Sphinx. This inflated view of his wisdom later leads to his downfall. But it was only by fate that he ignorant Oedipus was awarded a IQ freebie from theShow Mor eRelatedOedipus, an Ironic Tragic Hero1034 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus, an Ironic Tragic Hero Much of the tragedy of the play comes from the irony involved in fate Oedipus’s life. Being a tragic hero Oedipus is on a quest for truth, during his quest he realizes that if he continues on his quest for truth he will cause himself great harm yet he continues his pursuit for truth. The audience is seized by the ironic nature of this play, and the tragic nature of Oedipus’s life. Oedipus is lines up against fate and takes steps to try not to fulfill the prophecyRead MoreOedipus the King a Tragic Hero936 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 1302-6504 Mrs.Weatherford 21 November 2011 A Tragic Hero Indeed! In Sophocles tragedy Oedipus the King, King Oedipus swears to solve the murder of former King Laios in order to free the city from the plague. The plague taunts the city destroying crops and livestock and making the women unable to bear children. A seer, Teirsias tells Oedipus that he himself is Thebes’s pollution for killing his father and marrying his mother. Oedipus ignores his words and is blind to the truth until he discoversRead MoreOedipus The King By Sophocles848 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus the King, written by Sophocles, follows the tragic story of a king named Oedipus who goes from an all-powerful ruler to a hopeless blind peasant. Oedipus the King was written as a play and performed in front of an audience. Sophocles shows in Oedipus the King that one cannot escape the fate of the gods. Throughout the play Oedipus struggles to find a solution and change all the troubles in his life. The play observes the story of Oedipus who defies the gods and through the journe y experiencesRead MoreOedipus The King, A Tragic Hero Story Of Fate1495 Words   |  6 Pages OEDIPUS THE KING, A TRAGIC HERO STORY OF FATE Pamela A. Long L26269572 ENGL 102 Professor Givens March 2, 2015 Turabian Sophocles is one of the great ancient Greek tragedians in the history of drama. In the play â€Å"Oedipus the King,† Oedipus is an excellent example of fate happening to a tragic hero. In addition, this play has all the elements of tragedy; human weakness, powerless, suffering, and one not having control of his own destiny. As a result, â€Å"Oedipus the King† is theRead MoreMakings of a Tragic Hero1202 Words   |  5 PagesA possible theme for Oedipus the King by Sophocles is that one’s blindness can hide the inevitability that is his destiny. Oedipus is in this situation. He struggles to escape his fate: killing his father and marrying his mother and believes he is successful. Sophocles believes that the gpds control one’s destiny and the inevitability that a person will do what is destined despite there hero’s intentions.Oedipus represent the standards of a true tragic hero: he is well known, basically good, hisRead MoreOedipus the King: A Greek Tragic Hero Essay516 Words   |  3 Pagesanalysis of the â€Å"tragic hero† of Greek drama. In his work, Poetics, he defines a tragic hero as â€Å"...The man who on the one hand is not pre-eminent in virtue and justice, and yet on the other hand does not fall into misfortune through vice or depravity, but falls because of some mistake; one among the number of the highly renowned and prosperous.† Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero is clearly shown by the main character in the Greek tragedy Oedipus the King by Sophocles. Oedipus, the protagonistRead MoreOedipus And His Tragic Traits. In Sophocles Play Oedipus1017 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus and His Tragic Traits In Sophocles play Oedipus the King, Sophocles depicts the horrible fate of Oedipus, a pompous, arrogant young ruler. The story begins in the Greek town of Thebes. A plague has descended upon the Thebians causing death and famine throughout the land. Oedipus, being the heroic king, takes full responsibility to find out the cause of their aliments. While working to discover the source of the plague, Oedipus stumbles upon the tragic truth of his heritage and the horrifyingRead MoreOedipus As A Tragic Hero1094 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus struggles to accept the truth and lets his temper over power him. He can be displayed as a tragic hero. His refusal to accept the truth led to Oedipus’ down fall. A tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle, â€Å"is a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction.† Sophocles’ Oedipus exemplifies Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. In the play, Oedipus unknowingly has cursed the entire town of Thebes. He was cursedRead MoreOedipus Rex, Sophocles1252 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus the ideal Tragic Hero Kelli Richards Liberty University Abstract In the play Oedipus Rex, Sophocles portrays Oedipus who is also the main character, as a good- natured, beautiful, noble yet narcissistic person who has a lapse of judgment and fall from power. Throughout the play Oedipus makes a few profound decisions for which he is condemned to plentiful suffering;Read MoreCharacteristics of a Tragic Hero in Oedipus the King by Sophocles1238 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific definition of a tragic hero, it can be concluded that Oedipus is a tragic hero. Oedipus The King was written by a well-known tragic dramatist named Sophocles. This story is considered to be one of the greatest tragedies of all time. In fact, the Marjorie Barstow of the Classical Weekly says that it â€Å"fulfills the function of a tragedy, and arouses fear and pity in the highest degree† (Barstow). It is also very controversial because of the relationship that Oedipus has with his mother, although

C. Wright Mills and His Understanding of the Cold War/Wwiii Free Essays

Yunlong Li November 11, 2012 C. Wright Mills and His Understanding of the Cold War/WWIII Authors and historians have attempted to understand what caused and perpetuated the Cold War for decades. Although it is not a simple answer with simple component reasons, this brief essay will seek to explain to the reader a few of the main reasons why the Cold War transpired as it did and what mechanisms kept it going. We will write a custom essay sample on C. Wright Mills and His Understanding of the Cold War/Wwiii or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a means of understanding the Cold War, the author of the essay has reviewed the writings of C. Wright Mill with relation to this topic as well as various other authors who have been cited and referenced in the below analysis. Before delving into the subject matter and trying to understand what caused and perpetuated the Cold War, it is worth first pointing out some of the factually incorrect information that surrounds many common approaches to the Cold War. The first, and perhaps most prominent of these faulty points of view, is that the Cold War was thrust upon the United States by a dangerous and overly aggressive Soviet Union after the conclusion of World War II. This view is faulty due to the fact that both superpowers that emerged after the Second World War were inherently distrustful of the other. Furthermore, it can be seen that the power structure that emerged put both actors on a collision course with respect to the fact that the economic systems championed by both the United States and the Soviet Union were inherently against one another. As such, it can be understood as a self-fulfilling prophecy that both sides would come into conflict with each other (Goertzel 243). In this way, it can be understood that it was not either necessarily the fact that the United States or the Soviet Union was actively aggressive that ensured that the two powers would come at odds with one another; rather it was their inherent differences in political systems, ideology, economics, and the fact that they were both superpowers intent on dominating the world system. Perhaps the most interesting idea that Mills put forward was the idea of what ultimately kept the peace between the United States and the Soviet Union during periods of extreme pressure and stress that occurred during the Cold War. Mills claimed that a hierarchy of power elite were the true actors behind the scenes that worked to ensure a full confrontation between the two superpowers would never translate into an actuality (Marino 29). These power elite†, as Mills called them, were the executive branch (president of the United States), top Pentagon military leaders, and the corporate rich. Although this view definitely bears some truth, the fact of the matter is that such an oversimplification does not factor in to account the key players in the Soviet Union that also sought to keep the conflict from coming to a head to head confrontation. Mills goes on to state that one of the largest reasons that would precipitate World War III would be the fact that both sides were in such a dire state of preparedness for such a conflict. This particular view is interesting due to the fact that many authors have listed this preparation as one of the reasons that the two sides did not actually come to blows (Warner 174). Although hindsight is of course perfect, Mills seemed to believe that the process of preparing for such a conflict would mean that the two sides would be left with a type of self-fulfilling prophecy as well as a broad range of advanced weaponry which would guarantee that the two would come to blows in the form of a Third World War. More specifically, Mills saw the advent of new weapons systems and the way in which the military industrial complex continued to push for an escalation in the conflict as proof positive that the momentum for all out war was definitely evident. Many authors claim that Mills particular view of the way in which the Soviet Union and the United States would come into conflict as a result of the tensions created by the factors that have been listed was not the result of the fact that he truly believed this to be true but due to the fact that he was attempting to agitate political change within the United States. Mills, although a prolific writer and well known intellectual, was also a member of the movement known as the â€Å"New Left†. This particular movement subscribed to the view that the military and key elements of the power elite had entirely too much power over the way in which policy decisions were being made and the common man/electorate was less and less important in determining the future of the nation. Accordingly, authors have attempted to show that rather than showing his true position on the Cold War and what might occur as a result of the political actions that were taking place at the time, Mills instead sought to create a movement for change within the current political structure by engaging academics and intellectuals in realizing that the current course could only lead to conflict and destruction of all systems equally. Yet another alternate view states that the true allure and appeal of the Cold War was a solidifying effect for American and Soviet leaders. As they were able to present to their people and electorates that an existential threat existed outside of their own system, they were able to elicit levels of patriotism, belief, and economic efficiency/utility that would not have otherwise been able to be realized (Saull 1124). As a result of the fact that the leadership of both systems recognized and valued the importance that such a bi-polar view of the world effected on their populations, both sides were no doubt at least partially interested in keeping up the appearance of sudden confrontation as a means to manage their people and direct the overall efficiency of their economies. All of the guess work and alternate theories deserve their place; however, just because the theories of MAD and the deterrence that other strategic decisions that were made by both sides encouraged more level heads to prevail during this chilled conflict. Merely due to the fact that a theory is old and has been tested and measured thousands of times does not require that a new theory should be put in its place (Roberts 1476). Accordingly, although many of Mills points bear analysis, it would be premature and reckless to put these theories in place of the time-tested and proven theories that have for so long helped to define the logic of why the United States and Soviet Union were able to keep the peace between themselves during the turbulent years surrounding the Cold War. What is important to understand from the preceding analysis is not whether C Wright Mills or any other theorists were correct; rather, understanding the different ways that these theorists and philosophers/political intellectuals saw the interplay between these superpowers and the subsequent conflict or lack of conflict it predicted helps the researcher to both understand and appreciate the differing levels of thought that helped to nuance and develop our current understanding of the conflict surrounding the Cold War. In this way, trying to prove or disprove C Wright Mill’s views with relation to whether or not he was ultimately correct in the way he categorized and defined unique developments between these two superpowers becomes of secondary importance to attempting to understanding the causal historical factors that helped to develop the world view he works to give to the reader. Works Cited Goertzel, Ted G. â€Å"The Causes Of World War III: Thirty Years Later. † Sociological Forum 4. 2 (1989): 241. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. Marino, Noel. The arms trade. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Roberts, Geoffrey. â€Å"The Cold War As History. † International Affairs 87. 6 (2011): 1475-1484. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. Saull, Richard. â€Å"Social Conflict And The Global Cold War. † International Affairs 87. 5 (2011): 1123-1140. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. Warner, Geoffrey. â€Å"The Cold War In Retrospect. † International Affairs 87. 1 (2011): 173-184. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. How to cite C. Wright Mills and His Understanding of the Cold War/Wwiii, Essay examples

C. Wright Mills and His Understanding of the Cold War/Wwiii Free Essays

Yunlong Li November 11, 2012 C. Wright Mills and His Understanding of the Cold War/WWIII Authors and historians have attempted to understand what caused and perpetuated the Cold War for decades. Although it is not a simple answer with simple component reasons, this brief essay will seek to explain to the reader a few of the main reasons why the Cold War transpired as it did and what mechanisms kept it going. We will write a custom essay sample on C. Wright Mills and His Understanding of the Cold War/Wwiii or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a means of understanding the Cold War, the author of the essay has reviewed the writings of C. Wright Mill with relation to this topic as well as various other authors who have been cited and referenced in the below analysis. Before delving into the subject matter and trying to understand what caused and perpetuated the Cold War, it is worth first pointing out some of the factually incorrect information that surrounds many common approaches to the Cold War. The first, and perhaps most prominent of these faulty points of view, is that the Cold War was thrust upon the United States by a dangerous and overly aggressive Soviet Union after the conclusion of World War II. This view is faulty due to the fact that both superpowers that emerged after the Second World War were inherently distrustful of the other. Furthermore, it can be seen that the power structure that emerged put both actors on a collision course with respect to the fact that the economic systems championed by both the United States and the Soviet Union were inherently against one another. As such, it can be understood as a self-fulfilling prophecy that both sides would come into conflict with each other (Goertzel 243). In this way, it can be understood that it was not either necessarily the fact that the United States or the Soviet Union was actively aggressive that ensured that the two powers would come at odds with one another; rather it was their inherent differences in political systems, ideology, economics, and the fact that they were both superpowers intent on dominating the world system. Perhaps the most interesting idea that Mills put forward was the idea of what ultimately kept the peace between the United States and the Soviet Union during periods of extreme pressure and stress that occurred during the Cold War. Mills claimed that a hierarchy of power elite were the true actors behind the scenes that worked to ensure a full confrontation between the two superpowers would never translate into an actuality (Marino 29). These power elite†, as Mills called them, were the executive branch (president of the United States), top Pentagon military leaders, and the corporate rich. Although this view definitely bears some truth, the fact of the matter is that such an oversimplification does not factor in to account the key players in the Soviet Union that also sought to keep the conflict from coming to a head to head confrontation. Mills goes on to state that one of the largest reasons that would precipitate World War III would be the fact that both sides were in such a dire state of preparedness for such a conflict. This particular view is interesting due to the fact that many authors have listed this preparation as one of the reasons that the two sides did not actually come to blows (Warner 174). Although hindsight is of course perfect, Mills seemed to believe that the process of preparing for such a conflict would mean that the two sides would be left with a type of self-fulfilling prophecy as well as a broad range of advanced weaponry which would guarantee that the two would come to blows in the form of a Third World War. More specifically, Mills saw the advent of new weapons systems and the way in which the military industrial complex continued to push for an escalation in the conflict as proof positive that the momentum for all out war was definitely evident. Many authors claim that Mills particular view of the way in which the Soviet Union and the United States would come into conflict as a result of the tensions created by the factors that have been listed was not the result of the fact that he truly believed this to be true but due to the fact that he was attempting to agitate political change within the United States. Mills, although a prolific writer and well known intellectual, was also a member of the movement known as the â€Å"New Left†. This particular movement subscribed to the view that the military and key elements of the power elite had entirely too much power over the way in which policy decisions were being made and the common man/electorate was less and less important in determining the future of the nation. Accordingly, authors have attempted to show that rather than showing his true position on the Cold War and what might occur as a result of the political actions that were taking place at the time, Mills instead sought to create a movement for change within the current political structure by engaging academics and intellectuals in realizing that the current course could only lead to conflict and destruction of all systems equally. Yet another alternate view states that the true allure and appeal of the Cold War was a solidifying effect for American and Soviet leaders. As they were able to present to their people and electorates that an existential threat existed outside of their own system, they were able to elicit levels of patriotism, belief, and economic efficiency/utility that would not have otherwise been able to be realized (Saull 1124). As a result of the fact that the leadership of both systems recognized and valued the importance that such a bi-polar view of the world effected on their populations, both sides were no doubt at least partially interested in keeping up the appearance of sudden confrontation as a means to manage their people and direct the overall efficiency of their economies. All of the guess work and alternate theories deserve their place; however, just because the theories of MAD and the deterrence that other strategic decisions that were made by both sides encouraged more level heads to prevail during this chilled conflict. Merely due to the fact that a theory is old and has been tested and measured thousands of times does not require that a new theory should be put in its place (Roberts 1476). Accordingly, although many of Mills points bear analysis, it would be premature and reckless to put these theories in place of the time-tested and proven theories that have for so long helped to define the logic of why the United States and Soviet Union were able to keep the peace between themselves during the turbulent years surrounding the Cold War. What is important to understand from the preceding analysis is not whether C Wright Mills or any other theorists were correct; rather, understanding the different ways that these theorists and philosophers/political intellectuals saw the interplay between these superpowers and the subsequent conflict or lack of conflict it predicted helps the researcher to both understand and appreciate the differing levels of thought that helped to nuance and develop our current understanding of the conflict surrounding the Cold War. In this way, trying to prove or disprove C Wright Mill’s views with relation to whether or not he was ultimately correct in the way he categorized and defined unique developments between these two superpowers becomes of secondary importance to attempting to understanding the causal historical factors that helped to develop the world view he works to give to the reader. Works Cited Goertzel, Ted G. â€Å"The Causes Of World War III: Thirty Years Later. † Sociological Forum 4. 2 (1989): 241. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. Marino, Noel. The arms trade. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Roberts, Geoffrey. â€Å"The Cold War As History. † International Affairs 87. 6 (2011): 1475-1484. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. Saull, Richard. â€Å"Social Conflict And The Global Cold War. † International Affairs 87. 5 (2011): 1123-1140. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. Warner, Geoffrey. â€Å"The Cold War In Retrospect. † International Affairs 87. 1 (2011): 173-184. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. How to cite C. Wright Mills and His Understanding of the Cold War/Wwiii, Essay examples

The Stanley Parable Analysis Essay Example

The Stanley Parable Analysis Paper Instead of going upstairs to check out the bosss office, I went downstairs out of sheer curiosity. I was led into a parking garage where there was a single car parked with its lights on. I did not possess the courage to walk up to the car and look Into the window because I scare easily and going into this game without knowing anything about It, I was thoroughly convinced at this point that It would feature some pop-out/screamer element to it that I did not want to fall prey to. I avoided the car and walked into the adjacent room, wherein the narrator began describing Stanley thought process. He came to the realization that he was dreaming and started to command the dream, seeing a field of stars In front of him and feeling himself float. Then he became tired of dreaming and wanted to Just wake up next to his wife, so he closed his eyes and the screen went black for me as Stanley willed himself to wake up for a lengthy yet calming period of time in darkness. The eyes opened back up and I was still in the same endlessly repeating set of rooms as I was in the entire time. The narrator said that Stanley began to scream over and over out of insanity and the edges of the screen reddened and finally went black. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stanley Parable Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Stanley Parable Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Stanley Parable Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer That play through closed with an image of Stanley lying face down on a sidewalk with a woman staring at him because the narrator tells me that he was Leary a crazy man, walking around town and screaming until he collapsed on the street. The longest play through that I experienced was when I chose to ignore the narrators Instructions from the fork of the two doors. I chose the right door and moved past several rooms in which the narrator scolded Stanley for not proceeding with. Entering a room with a crane, I had it transport me to the other side of the room. From there, I entered a room with a single telephone that was ringing, apparently from a woman who Is In a very close yet recently strained relationship with Stanley as I gathered from the narrators description. I saw that there was a power chord leading to the wall socket from the phone, so I unplugged It and the narrator became aware of the fact that I was a player controlling Stanley. I was then shown an old, grainy, AS-stylized short film on the subject of choice. The narrator had me go back to the room with the two doors. I selected the right door once again and could not proceed from there because it appeared as if had broken the games infrastructure because the scenery and game objects had begun to implode on I OFF themselves Ana run Into can toner. I en narrator Ana grown very angry Witt me Ana hut the game down. When I came to again, I was above the ceiling with Stanley below. I was able to see all of him and the narrators voice came in again, this time muffled because I was technically above the room. The credits rolled for that play through and I had beaten/broke the game. The shortest play through I experienced was very similar to the last one. I had taken notice that when I had to take the crane back to the office, the narrator had put on restrictive gates so as to prevent me from stepping off across the way. I repeated the same process until reaching that room and had the crane take me all the way up ND then I plummeted to my death down below. The narrator was displeased. On the next play through, I decided to adhere to the narrators instructions, but I could not help myself and I disobeyed after a certain point. I went up the stairs instead of down, like the first time, and I went into the bosss room. It was empty and I was prompted by the narrator to punch in a four-digit code behind the bosss desk. A secret door was revealed, which I followed and then took an elevator downstairs. It seemed that I was entering an underground system and I saw a room labeled the Mind Control area, however a passageway to the left of it featuring a cardboard sign with escape crudely written on it seemed more appealing to me, so I ventured in that direction. As per usual, the narrator wanted me to return to the path that he intended for Stanley, but I persisted down this narrow hallway and eventually fell down a chute where I was on a conveyer belt, soon to be pounded into a cube of meat. Just as I was destroyed, a female narrator took over and I saw light of day once more inside an unfamiliar environment. It was a white museum dedicated to game prices and facts about the development stages of the game itself, which I found very neat and explored the place for about ten minutes. Once I exited, I was returned to the conveyer belt and subsequently smashed, having no choice but to start the game over again, as hastily instructed by the female narrator. On another play through, I spent time in the office that Stanley began in to observe if there was something I was missing from the beginning to help open up another aspect of the game that I had yet to discover. I found that I was able to close the door on myself, bringing about an ending of the game where the narrator expressed that Stanley was too nervous to leave his office and instead Just waited for what seemed like eternity. My favorite play through was probably the first one where Stanley thought he was dreaming and then blacked out from screaming out of insanity. The play through scared me to the bone, but it was an incredibly immerse experience and I was legitimately frightened to continue from the moment I entered the parking garage, but the fact that the game was able to shake me up to that degree really impresses The only confusion that I experienced when I began the game was story related. I as at a loss for what direction the story would unfold in and what sort of tonality it had. The controls themselves were very simple and implicit enough that I picked them up very quickly. As far as how to play the game is concerned, I also picked up on the fact that the narrator does not have to be obeyed all of the time and the game usually becomes more enjoyable once he is ignored. Most AT ten game Is comprises AT emergent narrative Decease ten gamely consists of whatever the individual player chooses to do. If you sat two players down across from each other and had them each start the game, they would assuredly venture own different pathways, making the narrated elements to the story different for the both of them. The only embedded narrative occurs before the player has control of Stanley, when a brief cut scene is shown of Stanley at his desk accompanied by narration describing his workday and Job requirements. A mystery that I explored in the game was the unlocking of the achievement listed on Steam that claimed that knocking on door 430 five times would give me an achievement. I had Stanley perform this task and the narrator immediately became aware of my desire to unlock the achievement, so he kept upping the ante from five knocks to twenty, fifty, five more, and then he even had me knock on other doors. At one point, he asked me to knock on the copy machine, but I could not find a copy machine and accidentally entered an area where the door behind me locked and I could not reenter. Although I was not able to complete this mystery, it did reveal that the game has an extremely self-aware sense of humor. This made the narrative more meaningful because on subsequent plays, I was more eager to test the narrators patience, which lead to some very funny story devices, (my personal favorite being the broom closet).

Ardet Roma Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Nero, Claudius

Ardet Roma Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Nero, Claudius Ardet Roma. 2.3 Internal. 12LSO The Great fire of Rome was a devastating fire that began on the night, between the 18th and 19th of July in 64 AD. The fire lasted for 6 days and died down but reignited again for 3 days. This event is significant to the classical world, as 3 districts were entirely destroyed, 7 suffered serious damage and only 4 districts survived, only after 10 years since Nero became Emperor of Rome. At least two thirds of the city was ruined. Following the fire, a rebuilding programme was led by Nero, such as the building of the Domus Aurea. This was completed but did not get much attention from the Romans. This allows us to have a better understanding of Roman life and the society. It is still unknown today, of what truly caused the fire and who caused it. Many various ideas from classical and modern historians are suggested. However, many questions about this event vary and do not have a certain answer. Nero was the great grandson of Caesar Augustus. When he was a child, he and his mother, Agrippina, were exiled by Emperor Gaius Caligula, to the Pontian Islands. However, Agrippinas uncle, Claudius, became emperor on January 24th, 41 AD. Then Nero and his mother, Agrippina's banishment was lifted. Agrippina then convinced Claudius to marry her and make Nero his next successor. In 54 A.D., Claudius was murdered; he was reported that he was murdered by Agrippina, who secretly gave him poisonous mushrooms. As a result, Nero became the next emperor of Rome at a young of age 16 years. However, in 59 AD, Agrippina was murdered. How she died is not clear. However, Tacitus claimed that Nero had murdered her by sending 3 men to assassinate her. Suetonius claimed that Nero had her executed after she survived the shipwreck and disguised her death as "suicide". However, Cassius Dio said that Agrippina had swum to shore after the bottom of the ship opened up. Nero sent an assassin to her and when the assassin was about to strike at her, she uttered last words "smite my womb!" Agrippina wanted to be stabbed in the womb, where she gave birth to Nero. At her funeral, Nero was claimed to be feeling "scared and witted". Over here many Roman senators and various people congratulated Nero, saying that he has been freed from his mother's plots of killing him. Nero is notoriously known for his strange acts. Rumors said that he used to roam the streets after dark, visit taverns, mugging people, attacking women and stealing from stalls and shops. Nero was accused for abusing married women and freeborn boys. Nero, when he first became Emperor, turned his attention to focus on diplomacy, trade and elevating the cultural life of the empire. Nero ordered theaters to be built and encouraged athletic games. During Neros reign, the formidable general Corbulo directed a successful war and negotiated peace with the Parthian Empire. His general Suetonius Paulinus crushed a revolution in Britain . Nero took possession of the Bosporan Kingdom to the Empire and began the First RomanJewish War. On 19TH July, 64 AD, a huge fire was lit in Rome. There are many various views from both historical and modern historians towards the cause of the Great Fire of Rome. Some believe that it was arson, ordered by Nero to clear room for his palace, as he took much of the burnt city to build a Domus Aurea (Golden palace) for himself. Tacitus, an ancient Roman historian, claims in the Tacitus Annals that Nero purposely set the city alight, to clear space for his Domus Aurea. Tacitus believed Nero blamed and persecuted the Christians for the beginning of the fire, in order to avoid of his arson being revealed. In Tacitus book, Annals, Tacitus stated "Therefore, to stop the rumor [that he had set Rome on fire], he [Emperor Nero] falsely charged with guilt, and punished with the most fearful tortures, the persons commonly called Christians, who were [generally] hated for their enormities In the Tacitus Annals, as a punishment, Tacitus states that the Christians were covered with the skins of beasts...torn by dogs and perished, or were nailed to crosses,

Reporting Verbs for English Language Learners

Reporting Verbs for English Language Learners Reporting verbs are verbs that serve to report what someone else has said. Reporting verbs are different than the reported speech in that they are used to paraphrase what someone has said. Reported speech is used when reporting exactly what someone has said. To do this, use  say and tell. John told me he was going to stay late at work.Jennifer told Peter she had lived in Berlin for ten years. Peter said he wanted to visit his parents that weekend.My friend said he would finish his work soon. Other verbs used with reported speech include mention and comment. Here are some examples: Tom mentioned he enjoyed playing tennis.Alice mentioned she could take care of the kids this weekend. The teacher commented the students werent getting their homework done on time.The man commented he felt tired after such a long journey. When using reported speech, change the verb used by the original speaker to match your usage. In other words, if you report using said, you need to move everything back one step into the past. There are also pronoun changes and time cue changes that need to be made as appropriate in reported speech.   I like playing tennis. - Tom mentioned he liked playing tennis.  I have lived in Berlin for ten years. - Jennifer told Peter she had lived in Berlin for ten years.   Say and tell are the most common reporting verbs used to report what others have said. However, there are a number of other reporting verbs which can more accurately describe what someone has said. These verbs take a variety of structures that differ from reported speech. For example: Original Statement I will come to your party. I promise. Reported Speech He said he would come to my party. Reporting Verb He promised to come to my party. In this example, reported speech changes the original verb to would as well as changing the possessive pronoun your to my. In contrast, the reporting verb promise is simply followed by the infinitive. There are a number of formulas used with reporting verbs. Use the chart below to identify the structure required.   The following list gives you reporting verbs in various categories based on sentence structure. Note that a number of verbs can take more than one form. verb object infinitive verb infinitive verb (that) verb gerund verb object preposition gerund verb preposition gerund adviseencourageinviteremindwarn agreedecideofferpromiserefusethreaten admitagreedecidedenyexplaininsistpromiserecommendsuggest denyrecommendsuggest accuseblamecongratulate apologizeinsist Examples:Jack encouraged me to look for a new job.They invited all their friends to attend the presentation.Bob warned his friend not to open the can of worms.I advised the students to study carefully for the test. Examples:She offered to give him a lift to work.My brother refused to take no for an answer.Mary decided to attend university.He threatened to sue the company. Examples:Tom admitted (that) he had tried to leave early.She agreed (that) we needed to reconsider our plans.The teacher insisted that he didnt give enough homework.Our manager suggested we take some time off work. Examples:He denied having anything to do with her.Ken suggested studying early in the morning.Alice recommends playing golf in Bend, Oregon. Examples:They accused the boys of cheating on the exam.She blamed her husband for missing the train.The mother congratulated her daughter on graduating from college. Examples:He apologized for being late.She insisted on doing the washing up.Peter apologized for interrupting the meeting. For more information on reported speech, this overview of  reported speech  provides a guide on which transformations are required to use the form. Practice using this form with the  reported speech worksheet   that provides a quick review and exercise. Theres also a  reported speech quiz  which provides immediate feedback on correct or incorrect answers. Teachers can use this guide on  how to teach reported speech  for help introducing the reported speech, as well as a  reported speech lesson plan  and other resources.

Compare the causes of European, African, and Asian emigrations to Essay

Compare the causes of European, African, and Asian emigrations to North America - Essay Example Pulling factors include job opportunities, religious and political reference. The essay will try to discuss the causes of different races to North America and the reasons for immigrations. â€Å"Migration is not always voluntary† (Dahlman and Renwick 235). For instance, Africa America migration to the North America was due to conflict in South America. African Americans migration was suffering under the Jim Crow laws that segregated blacks from the white. After the civil war, cotton prices depreciated in the South as the weevils destroyed most of the crop that highly affected the economy causing African America to migrate to the North. Some countries got rid of unwanted prisoners by taking them to other countries, the prisoners however settled in these areas, as they could not go back to their countries. Millions of people left Europe during the time of empire and colonies and settled in North America. â€Å"This emigration was driven by the rapid growth of the European population during its demographic transition† (Dahlman and Renwick 241). Harsh living conditions in their original homes contributed to the migration. There was unending famine in some parts of Europe due to harsh weather conditions and this highly contributed to the migration. Asian birthrate and poor economic growth pushed more people to North America where the economic was booming. Most Asians relocated to North America looking for peace because of the World War 1. North America changed rapidly due to the migration. â€Å"European exploration and settlement had a devastating effect on the indigenous peoples, meaning native populations† (Dahlman and Renwick 244). For instance, they natives had a low immunity to diseases carried by the immigrants, which cause a high death rate in the first century. The immigration causes intolerance attitude from the natives and this caused immigrant is put in smaller reservations. Many native intermarried with the immigrants,

Book Report on Roy Black Black's Law (NewY ork Touchtone, 1999) Essay

Book Report on Roy Black Black's Law (NewY ork Touchtone, 1999) - Essay Example In the book we read about Miami police officer Luis Alvarez, who lethally shot a twenty year old black man inside a video arcade, instigating three days of rioting that left two people dead. Roy Black got him off. Then there is Fred De La Mata & Steve Hicks. Hicks shot his girlfriend to death, leaving her body in a car in a bank parking lot and then he lied to police four times before claiming it was an accident. Even after all that Roy Black got him off. There is also the case of Thomas Knight, who can aptly be described as our worst nightmare come together. Roy Black got his death sentence vacated. The Alvarez case is the best one in Black's Law, not every story turns out to be a cliff-hanger, but for the most part the book proves a compelling read and probably just as compelling as he is in the courtroom. Black's definitely a better lawyer than an author, but he's truly not a novice in the literary world, either. Black begins the Alvarez story with a touch of a thriller, as he was driving along Interstate 95 on the night of the shooting, when he zoomed past the area where people were rioting. "Too close for comfort," he writes. Roy's job as a defense lawyer can most simply put entail offering a plausible scenario, and he does it brilliantly. He manages to get the jury he wants for the Alvarez trial by asking potential jurors if they had ever faced death. Another interesting aspect is Roy's intense grilling of the detective who took Alvarez's statement after the shooting which turns out to be a turning point in the case. Nevertheless the most dramatic moment is when Alvarez himself takes the stand. The cases of Fred De La Mata and Steve Hicks are less earth-shattering but have their own entertainment value. Black defended De La Mata, a banker accused of money laundering by individually grilling all witnesses against him who as it turns out had ample reason to lie. Hicks on the other hand was a bartender accused of murdering his girlfriend, Betsy Turner. The state thought they had a strong case because after the shooting, Hicks drove the dying Turner to a bank and left her there, then called the police to report her missing. Black argued that the shooting itself was an accident and that Hicks hade panicked. It is in the case that we realize that one of Roy's many gifts is his ability to explain the unexplainable, to make jurors believe anything. Then finally there is the story of Thomas Knight, who kidnapped his boss and his wife after which he forced them to withdraw $50,000 in cash from their bank, after which he drove them to a field and shot them both in the back of the neck. Knight was on death row a few days from execution when Black took over his case. Still, the story is worthless not purely because Knight is an unsympathetic character but because the appeals court vacated the death sentence for reasons that had little to do with Black's argument. Black should have found a more interesting story to wrap up his book. The book paints a realistic picture of the life of a criminal defense attorney. Each case starts off with basic info on the client and ends with a review of the defendant's present position. The book is well written but more then once Black portrays his

Symbols and Symbolism Essay - Symbolism in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Symbolism in The Great Gatsby Symbolism is what makes a story complete. And it is used through "The Great Gatsby." Virtually anything in the novel can be taken as a symbol, from the weather, to the colors of clothing the characters wear. There are three major symbolic elements used in the novel, they are water, colors, and religion. Water to me seems to mean "wasted, and or lost time." I believe this because of several reasons. One being that he is separated from Daisy by an island sound. Gatsby wishes that the island sound be gone so that there will be no obstacle between him and Daisy, and he also wishes for time to be gone, the island sound seems to represent the distance of "lost time." Another is that in one of Gatsby's parties people start dancing in the water, displaying how they waste their time day after day with no real purpose. Gatsby's only purpose and ambition in life was to get back with Daisy, but after he starts to realize that it will not happen and that he has been consumed by wasted time he goes for a swim inside a pool he had never before used and is murdered. Another symbolic element is color. Several colors if not all are symbolic in the great Gatsby the more noticeable being white, green, and yellow. The first time Nick meets his cousin Daisy at Tom's and Daisy's home, she was dressed totally in white. So as the house and its furnishings are also tuned in light shades. This fact might be interpreted as beauty, cleanliness, wealth, innocence, virginity and also laziness. Daisy's color is white, she wears white dresses and recalls her "white girlhood", and this use of color helps her to characterize her as the unattainable "enchanted princess" who becomes personified as Gatsby' s dream. The green light at the end of Daisy's Buchanan' s dock, becomes a key image in "The Great Gatsby." The initial appearance of the green light occurs when Carraway sees Gatsby for the first time, standing in front of his mansion and stretching out his arms to `a single green light, minute and far away that might have been the end of dock' (p.

A History of Melody Essay

The violin emerged from a primitive musical bow, usually an arched stick with a string stretched taut between the two ends (Hughes, 2008). The string is divided by a loop or a bridge (Thinkquest, 1999). The first bridge was used to add to the instruments’ resonance when the string was vibrated, and strings were attached across suitable receptacles (Hughes, 2008). These resonance enhancers took many forms-tortoise shells, coconut, calabash, wooden boxes and even pig bladders (Thinkquest, 1999), thrust tightly between the strings and the bow (Thinkquest, 1999). Also to enhance the resonance of the bow, the instrument was held before the mouth (Thinkquest, 1999). The violin probably came to Europe around the 9th century, mostly originating from Asia (Thinkquest, 1999). It took the evolutionary process of the violin about 450 years to bring the violin to its present form. This only shows the long years of experience needed by the makers of the stringed instrument (Thinkquest, 1999). The use of a bow to draw across the strings followed, probably imported into Europe from Asia by Arab travellers (Hughes, 2008). The evolution of the violin was slow. It took until the middle Ages for a version of the zither, a popular and older instrument, to evolve into the vielle, which saw the instrument being held against the shoulder. This differentiated it from the zither, as the latter was held across the knees (Hughes, 2008). As time went on, the original one string grew to four, and for a time, five strings (Hughes, 2008). Fashionable until the 16th century, the vielle was changed with the small wooden ribs used in similar wooden plucked instruments replaced by the tailpiece and bridge (Hughes, 2008). Violin 2 By the time of the Renaissance, the viol (a bowed stringed instrument chiefly of the 16th and 17th centuries made in treble, alto, tenor, and bass sizes and distinguished from members of the violin family especially in having a deep body, a flat back, sloping shoulders, usually six strings, a fretted fingerboard, and a low-arched bridge (Merriam-Webster, 2008), was being used, the first having a hole adding resonance and tone to the instrument (Hughes, 2008). It was a short time that the viol evolved into the viola da gamba (a bass member of the viol family having a range approximating the cello (Merriam-Webster, 2008), which was played between the knees of the musician, and the viola de braccio held against the shoulder. The modern shape of the violin was evolved from the second version of the instrument (Hughes, 2008). The Violin evolved form many different instruments, including the Rebob, the Rebec, Lira da Braccio and the Renaissance fiddle. The violin today, the â€Å"new violin† was not used until 1630 in Italy (Berkeley, 2008). The evolution of the modern violin appears to have been completed in Italy with the most famous violin maker Andrea Amati at Cremona, providing 24 violins, six violas and eight cellos for the French King Charles IX in 1560 (Hughes, 2008). Another famous violin maker, Antonio Stradivarius, joined the Amati school in the latter half of the 6th century (Hughes, 2008). The violins’ refinery As stated earlier in the paper, that apart from the Arab travellers’ influence had an on the violin, there is no certain fact on who invented the violin or a stringed instrument that is played with a bow (Hughes, 2008). Some of the theories place the invention of the violin at around 1520 A. D. wherein the violin is included in the Gaudenzio Ferrari painting â€Å"The Madonna of the Orange Trees (cited in Berkeley, 2008). Violin 3 But the violin emerged in Italy in the early 1500s and seems to have developed from two medieval bowed instruments-the fiddle, also called the viele or fiedel, and the rebec-and from the Renaissance lira de braccio (a violin-like instrument with off the finger drone strings (Rosenblum, 2007). Also related to the violin, but not direct ancestors, is the six-string fretted viol. The viol appeared in Europe before the violin and existed with it side by side for about 200 hundred years (Rosenblum, 2007). In the early 1600’s, however, the violin gained prestige through its use in operas such as Orfeo(1607) by Italian composer Claudio Monteverdi, and through the French King Louis XIII band of musicians, the 24 violons de roi (the â€Å"King’s 24 violins†, formed in 1626). This growth in stature continued throughout the Baroque period (1600-1750) in the works of many notable composer-performers. Among them were the Italians Arcangelo Corelli, Antonio Vivaldi and Giuseppe Tartini and the Germany’s Heinrich Biber, Georg Philipp Teleman and Johann Sebastian Bach (Rosenblum, 2007). The Craftsmen The earliest important violin makers were from Northern Italy, Gasparo da Salo (1540-1609) and Giovanni Maggini (1579-1630) from Brescia and Andrea Amati (1525-1611) from Cremona. The craft of violin making reached its height in the 17th and 18th centuries in the workshops of the Italians Antonio Stradivarius (1644-1737) and Giuseppe Guarneri (1698-1744) from Cremona and the Austrian Jacob Stainer (1617-1638) (Rosenblum, 2007). Violin 4 Gasparo da Salo (1542-1609) The founder of the Brescian school of violin makers, Gasparo Bertlotti, or Gasparo da Salo, was a dedicated craftsman and instrument maker. He was formerly credited with the claim of having developed the violin in the shape we know today. Although his claims have been disproved, his instruments are nevertheless admired and venerated (Smithsonian, 2008). Gasparo’s violas are considered finer than his violins and probably were more numerous (Smithsonian, 2008). His viola da gambas were converted to violincellos and are much esteemed, and some of his six-stringed bass viols have been remounted as three and four stringed double basses. Twenty instruments have been recorded (Smithsonian, 2008). Giovanni Paolo Maggini (1579-1630) An apprentice of Gasparo da Salo, he acquired a thorough knowledge of the woods available to him (Smithsonian, 2008). Maggini made his own mark and as a master, his own techniques of craftsmanship. He frequently experimented to improve tone quality for his pieces and perfect his construction methods (Smithsonian, 2008). Many of the instruments made by Maggini at the twilight of his career are considered his finest work. These works are known for the quality of the woods and unusually large sound holes as well as for their unusually mellow tones (Smithsonian, 2008). Andrea Amati (1525-1611) The founder of the great Cremona school of violin making, Amati focused on violins and was making viols and rebecs. Instruments dated after 1584 are said to be the works of his sons Antonio and Hieronymus (Smithsonian, 2008). Violin 5 It is claimed that he made 24 violins, 6 violas and 8 cellos for the French king Charles IX for use at the court at Versailles (Smithsonian, 2008). A few of these instruments survive to this day (Smithsonian, 2008). Antonio Stradivarius (1644-1734) Stradivarius’ interpretation of geometry and design served as a conceptual model for violin makers for more than 200 years (Smithsonian, 2008). Stradivarius also made harps, guitars, violas and cellos- more than 1,100 instruments by current estimate (Smithsonian, 2008). About 650 of these instruments survive today (Smithsonian, 2008). Bartolomeo Giuseppe Guarneri (1698-1744) Guarneri is considered the most illustrious member of this violin making family. The fifth and last member of the family, he is known more as Joseph Guarnerius del Gesu. Guarnerius is the Latin form of the family name and Joseph the Hebrew form of Giuseppe (Smithsonian, 2008). The estimate of his total production is not more than 250 violins; no evidence suggests that he made more (Smithsonian, 2008). But at least one violoncello and some violas are attributed to him. The outline of his violins, with slight modifications, is founded on instruments of Stradivarius (Smithsonian, 2008). Stradivarius and Guarnerius are ranked as among the greatest violin makers, but fine violinists prefer Guarnerius over Stradivarius (Smithsonian, 2008). Whatever the history or whoever the maker of the violin, we all must appreciate the efforts of these individuals who in one way or another contributed to the making of the violin. All these men have given much by way of continuously honing the instrument as it is known and enjoyed today by scores of people. Violin 6 Personal Reflection The violin represents probably on of the more versatile, elegant and mysterious of the instruments that we have today. The seeming smallness of the instrument somewhat does not tell of the long and painstaking process that went into its refinement and development. The reason that I centred the paper on this instrument is just for those following reasons. The instrument for me seems to just waft its notes and sounds over the listeners’ ears at just the right moments. They are, I believe, different from the wind pieces such as the trumpet and the saxophone. These pieces produce these shrill notes that sometimes tend to be irritable if you are not an admirer for the kind of music. But the violin just seems to play its notes in a mellow and smooth sound. It sometimes will want to lull to sleep at times. I’m a fan of the violin. For me, there is just no instrument just like it in sound and depth and quality of sound. Yes, there are many pieces out there that seem to sound alike, but can’t seem to touch the position of the violin. I can’t imagine an orchestra without a violin in the strings section. It would be incomplete without it. The sound would be really different than the violins in it. And the violin can cross over to different genres of music, from classical to country to pop to jazz and to others, without a tad of difficulty. That’s another thing I like about this instrument, it’s very versatile. It can just blend in with the various styles of music that you put it with and it will perform handsomely, a trait not all instruments can boast of. What we can do now is just relax at every playing of the violin, just to enjoy the elegant sound of the instrument as the musician begins to play and begins to once again weave its magic over its listeners. Reference Berkeley. (2008). The origins and history of the violin. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from Berkeley website. http://www-atdp. berkeley. edu/2030/jmoriuchi/violin-title. html Hughes, A. (2008). Where did the violin originate? Retrieved February 11, 2008, from Answer Bank database http://www. theanswerbank. co. uk/Article1910. html Merriam-Webster. (2008). Viola. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from Merriam-Webster website http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/viol Rosenblum, M. (2007). Violin. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from Microsoft Encarta encyclopaedia database. http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761576364/Violin. html Smithsonian Institution. (2008). Violin makers. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from Encyclopaedia Smithsonian website. http://www. si. edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmah/violdasa. htm ThinkQuest. (1999). The violin. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from Oracle Education Foundation database. http://library. thinkquest. org/27178/en/section/1/index. html

Zara Case Study - 3306 Words

June 6, 2007 Zara Case Study Summary Zara is a clothing retail store for women, men and children, concentrating sixty percent of their effort to the women clothing market. Besides retailing, Zara also designs, produces, and ships their lines of clothing to their Zara stores. Zara s corporate concept is to offer fashionable, trendy, designs at a reasonable price. The key to their corporate success is to offer the latest trends and fashions before their competitors. They believe that they are in the fashion business, not the clothing business. As part of this corporate concept, the stores try to hold very low levels of inventory, often having their entire inventory out on display, in order to sell out and make room for the†¦show more content†¦In short, the portal solution will make Zara leaner, quicker, and more capable of meeting customers demand and continue to maintain their competitive advantage during time of expansion. The Portal Solution Zara employees seem to have a very good ability predicting the next big trend in fashion. The product market specialist and store manager spend a great deal of time communicating this tacit knowledge of what the next big seller item is going to be. Even some of the store employees are wearing Zara products indicating that too are aware of what will be the next fashion trend. It is through this tacit knowledge that Zara is capable to getting a jump on their competitors. This feeling or sense of what products will be in demand, and results from sales at a test store, Zara store managers and market specialist are able to spread the word to other stores. This is the type of knowledge that should be captured through the use of a portal. An employee blog could be established that would allow managers to report hot items that are selling quickly. Additionally, it could be used to communicate speculations that store mangers and employees regarding the fashion trends. This communication forum would spread the word more quickly than the method of sharing information they are currently using. In addition to the blog, the portal could contain an e-mailShow MoreRelatedZara case study Essay2280 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Coursework Header Sheet 209896-18 Course OPER1027: Operations Mngt: Proc/Value Ch Course School/Level BU/UG Coursework Case Study 1 Assessment Weight 25.00% Tutor J Whiteley Submission Deadline 25/11/2013 Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the students own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the UniversitysRead MoreZara Case Study : Zara Case2492 Words   |  10 Pages Zara Case Study Name Academic Institution Zara Case Study Executive Summary This case study (Ghemawat, Nueno, Dailey, 2003) of the Spanish retail apparel company Zara, one of the six retail brands owned by Spanish company Inditex, focused on a number of issues confronting the retailer. These issues arose mainly from the consideration that Zara defied many of the dynamics of the retail apparel market. Zara, unlike its competitors, owned most of its production as well as itsRead MoreZara Case Study2762 Words   |  12 PagesQ1. With which of the international competitors listed in the case is it most interesting to compare Inditex’s financial results? Why? What do comparisons indicate about Inditex’s relative operating economics? Ans. The four companies shown given in the case have very different business models. Inditex owned much of the production and most of its stores. Inditex is thus a vertically integrated company. This gave Inditex a competitive advantage, which is quick response to the market requirementsRead MoreZara Case Study1833 Words   |  8 PagesZARA CASE STUDY [pic] Introduction The history of Zara started in 1975, when the first store has been opened in Spain. It has been followed by several other stores all over the world. The company’s owner, Amancio Ortega, accumulated 340 million Euros (according to 2001 datas), which is a remarkable growth if compared with other companies. Zara’s brand has become popular because of its quality and efficiency. The secret of Zara is to understand the customer’s need and demands and respondRead MoreZara Case Study3553 Words   |  15 Pages[pic] CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Zara as Company 4-5 3. Zara’s Model of Operation 6 4. Company’s Structure Read MoreCase Study - Zara International694 Words   |  3 PagesJay Case Study: Zara International Fashion at the Speed of Light Question 1: In what ways are elements of the classical and behavioral management approaches evident in how things are done at Zara International? How can systems concepts and contingency thinking explain the success of some of Zara’s distinctive practices? Answer 1: Elements of the classical management approach are very evident at Zara International. The classical management approach contains three branches, which are scientificRead MoreZara International Case Study1000 Words   |  4 PagesZara International was a retail shop originated in La Coruna, Spain in 1975. It was clothing and accessories shop and imitated the latest fashion trends and sold them at a lower cost. It became Zara International after entering Portugal in 1988 and then the United States and France in the 1990s. The distributor for this brand is Inditex and is considered the most successful retail chain in the world. Zara has a business strategy that is very different from the retailers nowadays. If a customer ordersRead MoreZara Case Study986 Words   |  4 PagesZara is the flagship brand of the Spanish retail group, Inditex SA, one of the super-heated performers in a soft retail market in recent years. When Indtiex offered a 23 percent stake to the public in 2 001, the issue was over-subscribed 26 times raising Euro2.1 billion for the company. Zara is unique model in business world today it has its own principles which may varies from its competitors in the same industry starting from production strategy ending with supply chain management strategy, theseRead MoreZara Case Study1656 Words   |  7 Pages3.1 HISTORY and BACKGROUND ZARA is the flagship chain store for the Spanish Inditex Group owned by Amancio Ortega, who also brands such as Massimo Dutti and Bershka. It was first open in 1975 in La Coruna, Galicia, Spain. Originally a lingerie store, then the product range expanded to incorporate women’s fashion, menswear and children’s clothes (5). The international adventure began in 1988, opened its first foreign store in Oporto, Portugal. The market growth remained mysterious and it kept growingRead MoreZara Case Study1404 Words   |  6 PagesCompany Case: Zara: The Technology Giant of the Fashion World Identification of the Problem/s or Issue/s Zara, a Spanish-based chain owned by Inditex, is a retailer who has taken a new approach in the industry. By owning its in-house production, Zara is able to be flexible in the variety, amount, and frequency of the new styles they produce. With their unique strategy, Zara has the competitive advantage to be sustainable. In order to maintain that advantage and growth they must confront certain